<
- [Data types](../types)
- **Operators**
- [Encoding](../encoding)
**Please note:** This spec is a draft; any detail may change without warning.
A list of what has been implemented can be found [here](https://github.com/ETHproductions/crayon/blob/master/info.txt).
### Operators
Click on a category or operator to expand it.
Key:
- `N` - Number
- `C` - Char (acts like `S` unless otherwise specified)
- `S` - String
- `A` - Array
- `R` - Regex
- `O` - Any type
<a href="#" onclick='var show=this.innerText[0]==="E";for(var l=document.getElementsByClassName("expandable"),i=0;i<l.length;i++)l[i].parentElement.children[1].className=show?"":"hidden";this.innerText=show?"Collapse all":"Expand all"'>Expand all</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a class="expandable">Canvas manipulation</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`→` - points the cursor E.</li>
<li>`↘` - points the cursor SE.</li>
<li>`↓` - points the cursor S.</li>
<li>`↙` - points the cursor SW.</li>
<li>`←` - points the cursor W.</li>
<li>`↖` - points the cursor NW.</li>
<li>`↑` - points the cursor N.</li>
<li>`↗` - points the cursor NE.</li>
<li>`⤸` - turns the cursor clockwise by 45 degrees.</li>
<li>`⤵` - turns the cursor clockwise by 90 degrees.</li>
<li>`↷` - turns the cursor clockwise by 135 degrees.</li>
<li>`⟲` - turns the cursor by 180 degrees.</li>
<li>`↶` - turns the cursor counter-clockwise by 135 degrees.</li>
<li>`⤷` - turns the cursor counter-clockwise by 90 degrees.</li>
<li>`⤹` - turns the cursor counter-clockwise by 45 degrees.</li>
<li>`e` - moves the cursor E by 1 unit.</li>
<li>`s` - moves the cursor S by 1 unit.</li>
<li>`w` - moves the cursor W by 1 unit.</li>
<li>`n` - moves the cursor N by 1 unit.</li>
<li>`f` - moves the cursor forward by 1 unit.</li>
<li>`F` - pops `N` and moves the cursor forward by `N`.</li>
<li>`q` - draws the top item at the cursor and moves the cursor to the end of the drawn string.</li>
<li>`Q` - like `q`, but removes the item from the stack.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">Input</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`T` - inputs the next space-separated token.</li>
<li>`L` - inputs the next line.</li>
<li>`Z` - inputs a multi-line string, stopping at double newline or EOF.</li>
<li>`E` - inputs all remaining input.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">Control flow</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`z` - if TOS is truthy...</li>
<li>`!` - if TOS is falsy...</li>
<li>`=` - if top 2 items are equal...</li>
<li>`<` - if top item is less than next item...</li>
<li>`>` - if top item is greater than next item...</li>
<li>`?` - delay execution of the previous conditional until here.</li>
<li>`{` - else...</li>
<li>`O` - for each item `I` and index `i` in TOS...
<br>`I` is pushed before each iteration.
<br>For numbers, loops through `[0..n)`.
<br>If already in a loop, the outer loop uses `J` and `j`.</li>
<li>`W` - while TOS is truthy...</li>
<li>`}` - end-if/end-loop. Implicit at end of program.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">Stack manipulation</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`[` - push an array and use it as the stack.</li>
<li>`]` - exit array and push to stack. If not in array, wraps the entire stack in an array.</li>
<li>`~` - use top array as the stack.</li>
<li>`\` - swap top two items.</li>
<li>`@` - pull up the third item.</li>
<li>`:` - duplicate top item.</li>
<li>`;` - remove top item.</li>
<li>`.;` - push last removed item.</li>
<li>`,` - duplicate from below?</li>
<li>`l` - pull up `n`th item.</li>
<li>`#`? - push the length of the stack.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">Unary operations</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>
<a class="expandable">`N`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N` - no-op.</li>
<li>`C` - convert to charcode.</li>
<li>`S` - attempt to convert to number.</li>
<li>`A` - sum.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`S`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N/C` - convert to string.</li>
<li>`S` - no-op.</li>
<li>`A` - join with (newline? empty string?).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`A`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N` - range; (`[0...N-1]`? `[1...N]`?)</li>
<li>`C` - ???</li>
<li>`S` - convert to an array of chars.</li>
<li>`A` - no-op.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`(`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N/C` - decrement. `a-1`</li>
<li>`S/A` - shift; remove first char/item and place on stack.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`)`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N/C` - increment. `a+1`</li>
<li>`S/A` - pop; remove last char/item and place on stack.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`_`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N` - negate. `-a`</li>
<li>`S/A` - reverse.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`~`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N` - bitwise NOT. `-a`</li>
<li>`S` - eval.</li>
<li>`A` - enter.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`.~`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N` - ???</li>
<li>`S/A` - uniquify.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`F`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N` - move the cursor forward by `N`.</li>
<li>`S` - ???</li>
<li>`A` - flatten.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`l`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N` - bring up the `n`th item.</li>
<li>`S/A` - pushes length. `"abc"l` → `"abc" 3` </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`X`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N` - move to `x`.</li>
<li>`S/A` - spread onto the stack.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`x`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N` - move by `x`.</li>
<li>`S` - ???</li>
<li>`A` - join with the empty string.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`Y`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N` - move to `y`.</li>
<li>`S` - convert to array of charcodes.</li>
<li>`A` - convert from array of charcodes.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`y`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`N` - move by `y`.</li>
<li>`S` - ???</li>
<li>`A` - ???</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">Binary operations</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>
<a class="expandable">`+`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - adds two numbers. `a+b`</li>
<li>`NC` - adds `a` to the charcode of `b`. ``3`a+ -> `d``</li>
<li>`NS` - prepends the number to the string. `a+b`</li>
<li>`SN` - appends the number to the string. `a+b`</li>
<li>`SS` - concatenates the strings. `a+b`</li>
<li>`AA` - concatenates the arrays. `a.concat(b)`</li>
<li>`AO` - appends the item to the array. `a.push(b)`</li>
<li>`OA` - prepends the item to the array. `b.unshift(a)`</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`-`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - subtracts two numbers. `a-b`</li>
<li>`NC` - subtracts `a` from the charcode of `b`. ``3`d-`` → `` `a``</li>
<li>`NS` - slice; if `n` is negative, keep only the last `n` chars of `s`; else, remove the first `n` chars of `s`.</li>
<li>`SN` - slice; if `n` is negative, keep only the first `n` chars of `s`; else, remove the last `n` chars of `s`.</li>
<li>`NA` - same as `NS`.</li>
<li>`AN` - same as `SN`.</li>
<li>`SS` - removes instances of `b` from `a`.</li>
<li>`SR` - removes matches of `r` from `s`.</li>
<li>`AA` - setwise subtraction; remove all items in `b` from `a`.</li>
<li>`AO` - remove all instances of the item from the array.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`*`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - multiplies two numbers. `a*b`</li>
<li>`NS` - repeats `s` `n` times. `s.repeat(n)`</li>
<li>`NA` - repeats `a` `n` times.</li>
<li>`SS` - setwise addition? (concat, sort?, uniquify)</li>
<li>`SR` - find all matches of `r` in `s`.</li>
<li>`AA` - setwise addition? (concat, sort?, uniquify)</li>
<li>`SA` - joins `a` with `s`. `a.join(s)`</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`/`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - divides two numbers. `a/b`</li>
<li>`NS` - splits `s` into groups of `n` chars. `s.match(RegExp(".{1,"+n+"}","g")`</li>
<li>`NA` - splits `a` into groups of `n` items.</li>
<li>`SS` - splits `a` at occurances of `b`. `a.split(b)`</li>
<li>`SR` - splits `s` at matches of `r`. `s.split(r)`</li>
<li>`AA` - pairs arrays. `[0 1 2][3 4 5]/` → `[[0,3],[1,4],[2,5]]`</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`%`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - modulo two numbers. Always returns a positive number. `(a%b+b)%b`</li>
<li>`NS` - unriffles `s` into `n` strings. `"abcde"2%` → `["ace""bd"]`</li>
<li>`NA` - unriffles `s` into `n` arrays. `[1 2 3 4 5]2%` → `[[1 3 5][2 4]]`</li>
<li>`SS` - riffles `a` with `b`. `"abc""123"% -> "a1b2c3"`</li>
<li>`SR` - splits `s` into matches and non-matches of `r`. ``"a1b2cd"'`d'%`` → `["a""1""b""2""cd"]`</li>
<li>`AA` - riffles arrays. `[0 1 2][3 4 5]%` → `[0 3 1 4 2 5]`</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`&`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - binary AND. `a&b`</li>
<li>`NS` - ???</li>
<li>`NA` - filter? `[1 2 3 2]2&` → `[2 2]`</li>
<li>`SS` - setwise intersection of `a` and `b`. `"bar""abc"&` → `"ba"`</li>
<li>`SR` - ???</li>
<li>`AA` - setwise intersection of `a` and `b`.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`|`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - binary OR. `a|b`</li>
<li>`NS` - ???</li>
<li>`NA` - ???</li>
<li>`SS` - setwise addition of `a` and `b`. `"bar""abc"|` → `"barc"`</li>
<li>`SR` - ???</li>
<li>`AA` - setwise addition of `a` and `b`.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`^`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - binary XOR. `a^b`</li>
<li>`NS` - ???</li>
<li>`NA` - ???</li>
<li>`SS` - setwise XOR of `a` and `b`. `"bar""abc"^` → `"rc"`</li>
<li>`SR` - ???</li>
<li>`AA` - setwise XOR of `a` and `b`.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`g`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - power. `a**b`</li>
<li>`NS` - get char at index `n` in `s`.</li>
<li>`NA` - get item at index `n` in `a`.</li>
<li>`SS` - ???</li>
<li>`SR` - ???</li>
<li>`AA` - ???</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`C`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - move crayon to `x`, `y`.</li>
<li>`AO` - index.</li>
<li>`SO` - index.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`c`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - move crayon by `x`, `y`.</li>
<li>`AO` - last index.</li>
<li>`SO` - last index.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`B`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - convert `a` to array of base-`b` digits.</li>
<li>`NS` - convert `s` to array of base-`n` digits?</li>
<li>`NA` - convert `a` to base-`n` string?</li>
<li>`SS` - ???</li>
<li>`SR` - ???</li>
<li>`AA` - ???</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`b`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>`NN` - convert `a` to string of base-`b` digits, using the alphabet `0-9a-zA-Z$_`.</li>
<li>`NS` - convert `s` from string of base-`n` digits.</li>
<li>`NA` - convert `a` from array of base-`n` digits.</li>
<li>`SS` - ???</li>
<li>`SR` - ???</li>
<li>`AA` - ???</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">Unassigned tasks</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>
<a class="expandable">`N`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>convert to char</li>
<li>range (inverse of `A` command, either `[0...N-1]` or `[1...N]`)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`S`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>transpose</li>
<li>rotate</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a class="expandable">`A`</a>
<ul class="hidden">
<li>transpose</li>
<li>rotate</li>
<li>sort</li>
<li>self-riffle (`[1 2 3 4 5 6]` → `[1 3 5 2 4 6]`</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
]]>